O JARGON BUSTER

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

This page is intended to explain all those mysterious acronyms and phrases which leave the new (and not so new) orienteer baffled. Click the initial letter of the jargon which is troubling you, or just scroll through.

If you can't find what you are looking for in here, please tell the compiler, Ian Ditchfield, who will try to write an explanation. Even better, write a new entry yourself and send it in. Likewise any corrections or additions to existing entries.

If you are after a general explanation of orienteering, then the best I know is on the Isle of Wight Orienteering Club web site, follow the link marked ¨Come and try the Wight-O Web-O¨. Quicker but less interactive introductions can be found on the Your First Orienteering Event page of this web site, or on the national governing body's web site.

This page is on the Mole Valley web site, so no apologies for the presence of internal Mole Valley information, and more detail on south-east competitions than those for other areas. However, other orienteers are very welcome to browse (and contribute) and I hope you find it useful. 

¨A¨ course

At events of National and higher standard, juniors usually have a choice of two age class courses, imaginatively called ¨A¨ and ¨B¨. ¨A¨ is the more prestigious, ¨B¨ being both shorter and easier. There may also be an elite course for M20 and W20.

The junior classes at Regional events used to follow the same pattern but have now changed; details were on a BOF web page which has disappeared, please drop me a line if you have found the right page on the new BOF site. 

Age Class

The classification by age and sex used at most serious orienteering events. Also known as BOF Class. A British Orienteering web page has details. Orienteering is not a sport for people who want to conceal their age!

Aiming off

A technique for finding a control on a line feature by deliberately missing it! If you aim to hit the line feature at the control and don't get it exactly right, when you reach the feature, you may not know whether to turn right or left. If you ¨aim off¨ to ensure that you hit the feature to the right (say) of the control, then you will know for sure that you have to turn left.

AIRE

Airienteers. A club covering Leeds, Bradford, and the Craven district of Yorkshire. Web site.

Anchor lap

The final lap of a relay race

Assembly Area

The place, often a corner of a field, where enquiries, registration, and optional features of an event like toilets, traders, & results display are concentrated.

Attack point

A feature near to your control which is easier to find. You may wish to run fast to your attack point, and then take more care on your approach to the control.

AYROC

Ayrshire Orienteering Club. A Scottish club. Web site. 

¨B¨ course

At events of National and higher standard, juniors usually have a choice of two age class courses, imaginatively called ¨A¨ and ¨B¨. ¨B¨ is both shorter and easier than the more prestigious ¨A¨.

Badge event

Old name for Regional event, so called because you can qualify for a BOF badge (see next entry).

Badge standard

The colour of badge for which your performances at Regional (or more important) events qualify you. Details are on a British Orienteering web page.

BADO

Basingstoke, Andover, and District Orienteers. A club. Web site.

Bagged map

A pre-marked map which is already in a transparent plastic bag (to protect it from the weather) when you pick it up.

BAOC

British Army Orienteering Club. A closed club, but most events are open, including the Military League (South). Web site.

BARRO

BARROw-in-Furness and district orienteering club. Britain's youngest club, formed in 2005. Web site.

Base-plate compass

Another term for protractor compass.

BASOC

Badenoch & Strathspey Orienteering Club. Web site.

Bearing

Direction determined using a compass.

BEOC

British Elite Orienteering Championship. Because the British Championship rotates around the country, it is not always held in the best possible terrain. This is thought to be good enough for juniors and veterans, but not acceptable for the M/W20 & M/W21 age classes! Therefore in some years, championships for these classes are separated from the main British Championship and given their own event.

Bingo control

A control which cannot be reliably found by careful map reading, instead needing an element of luck. Normally caused either by an inaccurate map, or by the control being in thick vegetation a long way from any attack point.

BKO

Berkshire Orienteers. A club. Web site.

BL

Border Liners orienteering club, based in North Cumbria. Web site.

Black course

A rare colour-coded course, no more difficult than the Brown course, but significantly longer.

Blodslitet

Staged annually by the Norwegian club Fredrikstad Skiklubb since the early 1970's, Blodslitet is a mass start long distance race using several loops with competitors returning to the finish arena after each lap. The literal translation of ¨Blodslitet¨ is ¨Blood Spiller¨. This gives an idea of the original thinking behind the event, but thankfully it has been toned down a little to accommodate some of us lesser mortals! SROC introduced a British version, also intended to become an annual event, in 2002. It was renamed the Tim Watkins Trophy after the principle organiser died following a car accident in March 2005.

Blue course

The middle distance, technically hard, colour-coded course. The same standard as the shorter Green and the longer Brown.

BO

British Orienteering. A new name for BOF with a somewhat unfortunate acronym, which we are not supposed to use.

BOC

British Orienteering Championship. An annual event, held in a different region of the country each year. The most prestigious domestic event to win in the eyes of non-orienteers; but actually only roughly equal in status with the JK. There is a separate prize for each age class, so there are actually 32 British Champions! Usually held on a Saturday, and followed by the British Relay Championship on the Sunday.

BOF

British Orienteering Federation. The governing body of our sport in the United Kingdom. Makes the rules, co-ordinates the fixtures, organises publicity, and much more. The BOF web site is aptly described as a mine of information: it contains much valuable data, but some of it is hard to dig out.

Officially, the term ¨BOF¨ should no longer be used, as it has been realised that it means nothing to the uninitiated, whereas the new name ¨British Orienteering¨ is much clearer. However, as evidenced by this web page, old habits die hard!

Membership of BOF is mildly confusing. BOF is a Federation of twelve associations, nine of them regional associations such as the SEOA, plus three national associations for Wales, Scotland & Northern Ireland. However, the members with voting rights at the AGM are individual orienteers, not the associations which make up the federation. Every serious orienteer in the UK is a member of BOF, and the vast majority are also members of a club and a regional or national association. There is usually some proposal outstanding to change this system.

BOF Class

Another name for age class, more accurate (since sex counts as well as age) but less used.

BOF Levy

One of the sources of funding for BOF is a levy, or tax, on the income from events organised by orienteering clubs.

BOF Number

Unique identifier issued by BOF to member orienteers. Very useful to anyone trying to capture details for a computerised results at an event, as the database will provide competitor name and other details from the number without further typing.

BOF Rankings

A ranking list compiled using a complex formula from the results of almost all of the events in Britain which use age classes. The BOF Rankings have a web site.

BOK

Bristol Orienteering Klubb. Web site.

Boktrot

The name BOK give to their biggest event each year.

Bottle course

The equivalent of a Green colour-coded course at a night event.

Bramble Bashers

Long socks with reinforcement over the shins to give some protection from vegetation. Personally, I prefer to wear short socks and gaiters.

Brashings

Remains of branches left on the ground after forestry work.

Brikke

The name for an Emit electronic control card in the original Norwegian. Pronounced ¨brick¨, and occasionally spelled that way in English.

Bronze standard

The standard which you need to achieve three times on age class courses at Regional (or more important) events in order to qualify for a Bronze badge. Details are on a British Orienteering web page.

Brown course

The longest course common colour-coded course, although occasionally a longer Black course is available. Technically difficult, but no harder than the Blue course. The route should be cross-country as much as possible (but not if this means forcing people through unpleasant vegetation), with significant route choice. If possible, finding the controls should require careful map reading (although it must remain possible to reliably find the controls from the map without needing luck; controls should never be hidden).

BSOA

British Schools Orienteering Association. Web site.

Bursar

Mole Valley's traditional name for the club treasurer, currently Pat Nelson. (Club founder Toby Norris liked funny names.)

BUSA

British Universities Sports Association. Web site. 

Caddihoe Chase

Annual two-day event organised by a different SWOA club each year. First day is a Regional, or sometimes National, Event. Second day is a chasing start.

Call-up

At events for which start times are allocated in advance, you usually need to get to the start area two, three, or four minutes before your start time, in order to ¨called up¨ by the start officials.

Captain

In Mole Valley, the club captain organises relay teams and tries to persuade people to turn out for other events, such as CompassSport Trophy or South-East League events, in which their run can contribute to a club score.

Catching feature

A large feature beyond a control that, when reached, informs competitors that the control has been missed. Normally a line feature, such as a path or a stream. Not to be confused with a collecting feature!

Championship event

The highest of the five grades of domestic orienteering event. Usually, the only Championship events in a season are the British Championships and the JK. The next grade down is a National event. Confusingly, most events calling themselves ¨Championships¨, such as the Southern Championship, are held at events of less than Championship grade.

Championship standard

The standard which you need to achieve three times in a single year at National or Championship events in order to qualify for a ¨Championship¨ badge. Details are on a British Orienteering web page.

Chasing Sprint

Event format comprising two short races on the same day. The first, or prologue, would be a normal race with people starting at different times; the second a chasing start based on the times from the first. JOK organise a Chasing Sprint annually

Chasing Start

Sometimes used on the final day of a multi-day event, with the intention of providing a race in which the first person to cross the finish line is the winner. The total time taken by each competitor during the previous day(s) is added to an arbitrary base time to give the start time for the competitor. Thus if a chasing start with a base time 8am is used on the third day of a 3-day event, and Joe has taken 60:00 and 75:00 on the previous two days, he will start at 10:15:00. If Fred has taken 65:00 and 70:01, his aggregate time over the first two days is 1 second longer, so he will start one second later at 10:15:01.

Check

At a SportIdent electronic punching event, you check your dibber is working by punching at a ¨check station¨ after you have cleared and before you start.

CHIG

Chigwell & Epping Forest orienteering club, based in the north-east London. Web site.

Chiltern Challenge

The name TVOC give to their biggest event each year.

Chocolate course

The equivalent of a Brown colour-coded course at a night event.

Circle

The map symbol for a control site is a circle, normally 7mm across. You are ¨in the circle¨ when you get within 70m of the control on a 1:10,000 scale map.

Cities Cup

Annual series of town centre street events. Web site.

CLARO

A club named after the old wapentake (Viking district) covering Harrogate, Ripon, and Nidderdale. Web site.

Classic race

Term usually only used in international competitions, to distinguish a traditional ¨long¨ course distance event from a short distance event, probably held on a different day at the same meeting.

Clear

At a SportIdent electronic punching event, you must empty your dibber of previous records by punching at a ¨clear station¨ (which looks exactly like a control apart from not having a kite and being easy to find) before you start your course. The worst mistake you can make is to punch the clear unit again after finishing your course but before downloading.

Clerk

Mole Valley's traditional name for the club secretary, currently Nigel Bush. (Club founder Toby Norris liked funny names.)

CLOK

Cleveland Orienteering Klubb. Web site.

Closed club

A club which not anybody can join, usually because membership is restricted to current or former members of some institution. Examples are university clubs and the Army club.

Closed event

An event which only certain people are allowed to enter. Examples are events for which you have to qualify by getting good results in other events, such as the British Elite Championships; events for which you have to be selected, such as international matches; or at the other end of the scale, small events that clubs put on for their own members only.

Closing date

At events which can be entered in advance, the closing date is a deadline for advance entries. Event details should make it clear whether entries after the closing date will be rejected, or will simply cost more money.

Clothing dump

A place where you can leave coats or other cloths while you run. Likely to be provided at winter events with a significant walk from the car park to the Start. Your clothing may remain where you leave it, or there may be a clothing transfer. 

Clothing Transfer

A facility sometimes provided whereby the organisers will move garments left at a clothing dump either to somewhere near the Finish or the Assembly Area.

Clubmark

A Sport England scheme for assuring that sports clubs meet defined standards of bureaucracy. Mole Valley is working towards accreditation. Web site.

Clue Sheet

Slang for Control Descriptions.

CLYDE

Clydeside orienteers. A Glasgow club. Web site.

COBOC

City of Birmingham Orienteering Club. Web site.

Collecting feature

A large feature before a control that, when reached, informs competitors how far they have progressed towards the control. Normally a line feature, such as a path or a stream. Not to be confused with a catching feature!

Colour-coded course

A course named after a colour, for example Yellow or Brown, open to anyone irrespective of age class. In theory a course of any given colour should be of about the same difficulty and require about the same amount of physical effort at any event anywhere in the country. Unfortunately, many South-East areas are not technically difficult enough for the harder courses, nevertheless we in the South-East normally claim to put on a full range of courses. This means that the theory breaks down, and courses of the same colour tend to be more technical in the better orienteering areas. A British Orienteering web page has further details.

District events usually offer the full range of colour-coded courses (unless they offer a different style of course altogether, perhaps Score).

Colour-coded event

Defunct term for a District event offering colour-coded courses.

Compass

A device for orientating yourself, very useful in orienteering! The red needle on a compass always points in the direction of the magnetic north pole, i.e. up the map. There are three sorts: the protractor compass (illustrated) which is held in the hand; the thumb compass which is strapped on to a thumb; and the clip compass which is attached to the edge of the map.

Compass Point

Vendor of orienteering equipment. The second most likely, after Ultrasport, to be found at events. Web site.

CompassSport

Britain's only national orienteering magazine. Web site.

CompassSport Cup

This annual event is the most important inter-club competition. Traditionally, it was a knock-out competition with pairs of clubs competing against each other in a series of rounds, along the lines of football's FA Cup. The current format has only two rounds, the first being regional heats at which around six clubs compete for a single place in the final. The competition was invented by CompassSport magazine but is run by BOF.

A CompassSport Cup event requires eight different courses, with people from different age classes running different courses. Each competing club can provide as many runners as it likes on each course. There is no advance team selection and the ¨best¨ 25 performances from each club count, subject to some constraints to ensure that successful clubs field people in a wide variety of age classes. Current competition web site. Historical web site. Competition rules on a British Orienteering web page.

CompassSport Trophy

Equivalent of the CompassSport Cup for smaller clubs. The rules are the same as for the Cup except that only 13 scorers are required. A change to the threshold splitting big and small clubs means that Mole Valley will compete in the Trophy for the first time in 2008. Current competition web site. Historical web site. Competition rules on a British Orienteering web page.

Concorde Chase

The name BKO give to their biggest event each year.

Condes

Computer program used by many clubs for planning courses, producing control descriptions and files for printing courses. Web site.

Contour

The brown lines on a map linking points of equal height. I find it more helpful to think of them as separating higher ground from lower ground. Unfortunately they are not marked on the ground!

Contour interval

The vertical height difference that you should have to climb, or descend, to move across the map from one contour line to the next. The contour interval should be printed in the ¨white space¨ around the edge of the map, probably next to the scale.

Contouring

Choosing a route which keeps to the same height, thus following a contour line on the map.

Control

A point on your course which you have to visit, marked on your map with a circle. At each control, you should see a marker or kite, a code, and a punch.

Control Card

Each orienteer carries a control card around the course. At each control, the card is marked to identify the control visited. Traditionally, control cards were made of card or stiff paper, and marked with a needle punch which made a pattern of holes in the card.

Most events now use electronic control cards, the two competing systems being Emit and SportIdent.

Control Code

A code, normally two letters or three numbers, displayed at each control site. If you are at the correct control, the code will also be found in your control descriptions.

Control Descriptions

A list of the controls you have to find, including for each control the code and a description of the geographical feature you are looking for. At minor events, and for young junior courses everywhere, the descriptions will be written in English (in this country anyway)! At major events, pictorial control descriptions will ensure that foreigners are not disadvantaged.

Control Site

What you are looking for when you go around an orienteering course! Each control site is at the centre of a circle marked on your map and at a feature described in your control descriptions. You know you have reached it because you see a brightly-coloured kite and you know it is the right one because a control code is displayed which agrees with the one in your control descriptions.

Control Unit

Electronic equipment found at each control site at an electronic punching event.

Controller

One of the three main officials at an orienteering event, the others being the organiser and planner. The controller should oversee the event, and is responsible for ensuring that the courses are fair, and that the whole competition is organised in accordance with the rules of the sport. The controller is usually the most experienced official, and usually comes from a club other than the organising club.

Course

When you take part in an orienteering event, you usually do one course. A course comprises a start, several controls, and a finish. You have to visit them all in the right order (except on a score course).

CROC

Croydon Orienteering Club, once Mole Valley's neighbours to the north-east. Disbanded autumn 2007, with most members transferring to DFOK for 2008. Web site.

Croeso

Welsh multi-day event, held in August every Leap Year. Format a little variable, usually five or six Regional events in a week. Web site.

Cross-Country

The normal form of orienteering event, in which competitors visit controls in a prescribed sequence, and the fastest wins.

Crossing Point

A specific location marked on the map at which a line feature, typically a wall or fence, may be traversed. Crossing points may be voluntary, in which case crossing at the marked point will normally be easier than elsewhere. Often, crossing points are ¨compulsory¨, in which case a competitor crossing elsewhere risks disqualification. Usually, a compulsory crossing point results from the requirements of the landowner, and even a single person crossing elsewhere can lead to the loss of the area to orienteering.

CUNOC

Cunninghame Orienteering Club. Changed their name to AYROC in 2005.

CUOC

Cambridge University Orienteering Club. (I can't be bothered to list all university orienteering clubs, which can usually be identified by the ¨UOC¨ suffix; this one is included because it occasionally organises public events which Moles may attend.) Web site. 

C1, C2, C3, C4, C5

Official BOF event type and status grading. The ¨C¨ stands for Cross-country, i.e. a normal orienteering course. The number following is the importance of the event on a scale of 1 (high) to 5 (low).

1. Championship Event
2. National Event
3. Regional event
4. District event
5. Local event

A suffix of ¨N¨ indicates a night event, e.g. C1N for the British Night Championship.

Decision point

A point at which you can no longer continue in the same direction, for example being required to turn right at a path junction. A decision point on a leg does not imply a route choice. There may be only one obvious route between controls, but this could require the ability to change direction at a number of decision points.

DEE

Deeside orienteering club, based in Cheshire. Web site.

Depression (1)

A hole in the ground. The difference between a depression and a re-entrant is that a depression will turn into a pond if it rains enough, whereas water will flow downhill out of a re-entrant.

Depression (2)

The mental state brought on by wandering around the forest unsuccessfully looking for a small hole in the ground.

DEVON

Devon orienteering club. Web site. 

DFOK

Dartford Orienteering Klubb, based in the Kent/London borders. The initials result from the original club name of Darwin Forest. Web site.

Diarist

Mole Valley's traditional name for the editor of the Society Journal, currently Laurence Townley. (Club founder Toby Norris liked funny names.)

Dibber

Slang term for a SportIdent electronic control card.

District Event

The fourth grade of domestic orienteering event, above Local and below Regional. The events formerly known as colour-coded events are now District events (although it does not follow that all District events offer colour-coded courses, they may be Score or Relay events).

Dorset Delight

The name WSX give to their biggest event each year.

Double Dumpling

Annual pair (Saturday & Sunday) of Regional events organised by NOR.

Download

At an electronic punching event, the action of transferring information from your electronic control card to the organisers' computer. The most important rule in electronic orienteering is that if you have registered you must go the download station and ensure that you are recorded there as well. Failure to comply with this will mean that the organisers will think you are still out in the forest, and may organise a search.

DVO

Derwent Valley Orienteers. A Derbyshire club. Web site.

EAOA

East Anglian Orienteering Association. The regional association for East Anglia. Web site.

EBOR

A club named for the old name of York, covering North Yorkshire south of the North Yorkshire Moors watershed and east of the A1. Web site.

E-card

Electronic control card, such as a SI dibber or an Emit brikke.

ECKO

Loch Eck Orienteers. A club from Dunoon, Argyll, Scotland. Web site.

EEOL

East of England Orienteering League. A series of midweek events, an equivalent of the Military League (South), covering Eastern England from north London to Yorkshire. Fixtures on the RAFO web site.

Electronic punching or E-punching

Using an hi-tech device, such as a SportIdent dibber or an Emit brikke, instead of the traditional paper control card.

Elephant track

A path that appears during a competition due to many orienteers trampling the vegetation along the same route.

Elite course

At events of National Event and higher standard, extra long courses are provided for the best competitors at M/W20 and M/W21 age classes. Entry is usually restricted by selection.

ELO

East Lothian Orienteers. A Scottish club. Web site.

EMOA

East Midlands Orienteering Association. The regional association for the East Midlands. Web site.

Emit

One of two competing forms of electronic punching equipment, replacing the traditional paper control card and needle punch. With EMIT, you carry a brikke in your hand, which you fit into a socket at the control site. The rival SportIdent system is more popular in Britain, although Army and SCOA events use Emit. Web site.

EOC

English Orienteering Council. The national association for England, unlike its other British equivalents, not part of the BOF federation. Web site.

EOD

Entry On the Day. Meaning that you can just turn up on the day of the event, find registration, and buy your run.

EPOC

East Pennine Orienteering Club, based in Yorkshire. Web site.

ERYRI

The club for North Wales. Web site.

ESOC

Edinburgh Southern Orienteering Club. Web site.

Event

An orienteering competition, at which there will be a number of courses. The term ¨event¨ emphasises that the fact that you can enjoy participating in orienteering without actually competing.

FCC

Future Champions Cup.

Fight

Slang term for thick or unpleasant vegetation represented by the darkest of the green colours on the map.

Finish

The end of your course, where your final time is recorded. Marked on your map by a pair of concentric circles. At events with traditional paper control cards, your card will be collected at the finish.

The most important rule in orienteering is that if you are recorded as being in the forest, you must ensure that you are recorded as having left it. At an event with traditional control cards, this meant that you must visit the finish if you went through the start, even if you did not complete the course. At electronic punching events, the start and finish are no longer so important, and the rule is that if you registered than you must visit the download before departing the event, even if you never actually start your course.

Flag (noun)

Another term for a control kite.

Flag (verb)

To run out of energy half-way around a course!

FMD

Foot & Mouth Disease. Infectious disease of cloven hoofed animals which causes panic amongst humans. Web site.

Forest

A technical term in orienteering, meaning the competition area. Usually accurate in layman's terms too, but occasionally an orienteering forest may have no trees at all!

Form line

An extra contour on the map, with a dashed brown line instead of the normal solid one. Like a normal contour line, a form line links points of equal height. Unlike a normal contour line, it does not indicate a vertical separation of one contour interval from the adjacent contour lines. Form lines are used by the mapper to convey the shape of particularly small or detailed landforms to the orienteer.

FROLICS

First Running Of London Inter-Club Season. The acronym was invented in 1988, and has stuck even though the first word is no longer appropriate. Frolics are an annual series of (usually) four events on consecutive Sundays in July, held on areas within or very close to the M25. The areas need to have an extensive path network or a large amount of mown grass, since running cross-country in the South-East in high summer is rarely pleasant. Every competitor runs the same course of Light Green standard. The Frolics are of particular interest to new orienteers as there is a handicap system which adjusts not just for age class as usual, but also for performance record. Thus being an experienced orienteer is a substantial disadvantage. The top six for each club count towards a club score. Originally there was a strong bias to the social side with events in London Parks on Saturday mornings and pre-entered teams of 8 from different clubs locked in friendly rivalry before recourse to the pub. Nowadays the events have become more normal: Sundays, entry on the day, and no limit on team size, but it is hoped the basic sociability coming from everyone running the same course carries on. The LOK web site carries details during the Frolics season.

Future Champions Cup

An annual series of races, over a mix of distances for the older juniors, in classes M18, M20, W18, and W20. Points are gained based on finishing position in each race, with something like the best four out of nine results counting for each competitor. The highest scorers then compete in a ¨final¨ of two races of short and classic distances. Future Champions results have a big influence on the selectors for summer tours and the national squad. Web site.

FVO

Forth Valley Orienteers. A Scottish club. Web site.

Gaffle

At a relay event, people in different teams run more or less the same course at the same time. So that everyone has to navigate, rather than just follow the person in front, the courses are normally ¨gaffled¨ so that there are two or three controls close to each other, with each person visiting only one of them. In order that fairness is preserved, each team must collectively run the same legs by the end of the event, but in a three-person relay, any given leg may be on the first lap for some teams, the second lap for others, and the third lap for the remainder.

Galoppen

Norwegian word meaning ¨the gallop¨, popularly mistranslated by the British as ¨ranking list¨. Some series of events are called galoppens, the best known locally being the South-East Galoppen.

George Murray Trophy

A trophy presented annually to the Mole Valley member aged 40 or over who scores most points for the club in the South-East League. Presented in memory of a Mole Valley member who died around 1988.

GO

Guildford Orienteers. A club, Mole Valley's neighbours to the west. Web site. Alternative web link.

Gold standard

The standard which you need to achieve three times on age class courses at Regional (or more important) events in order to qualify for a Gold badge. Details are on a British Orienteering web page.

GRAMP

Grampian Orienteers. A Scottish club. Web site.

Green

Slang term for any of the less runnable forest indicated by various shades of green colouration on the map.

Green course

A technically hard but not too strenuous colour-coded course. Longer and harder than Light Green, shorter but no easier than Blue. The route should be cross-country as much as possible (but not if this means forcing people through unpleasant vegetation), with significant route choice. If possible, finding the controls should require careful map reading (although it must remain possible to reliably find the controls from the map without needing luck; controls should never be hidden).

Grid Reference

A means of identifying any point in Great Britain with a brief code. The usual ¨six figure¨ grid reference identifies a box 100m square using only two letters and six numbers. An explanation can be found on any Ordnance Survey map or at this web site.

HALO

Humberside And Lincolnshire Orienteers. Web site.

Handicap

A handicap competition is usually one in which the results are adjusted in a predetermined way in order to allow people from different age classes to compete on level terms. For an individual competition, this would normally be done by multiplying time taken or points scored by a different factor for each class. For a relay, each class would be allocated a number of handicap points and each team would have to be picked to get below a handicap limit; the race would then be won by the first across the finish line as usual.

Hand rail

Another term for line feature.

Harearound

The name BADO give to their biggest event each year.

Harris relay

A team event which requires planning and coordination under time pressure, originating in Germany and introduced to the UK in the late 1980's by the then chairman of army orienteering, Lt. Col. Steve Harris. Despite the relay in the name, all team members receive identical maps and run simultaneously. It is a Spanish Score event, with two sets of controls. ¨Spine¨ controls must be visited by each and every team member. The remaining controls need be visited by only one team member. The team's time is that of the last member to reach the finish. Failure to collectively punch each control or individually punch each spine control will be penalised, by a hefty time penalty or possibly outright disqualification. It is vital for the team to plan and agree who is going to which controls before leaving the start!

Harvester

Annual relay, held in a different region of the county each year, usually in summer. Possibly the most eccentric event in the calendar. The main event is a seven person relay, with the start timed so that the first three or four laps are run in the dark, with the remainder after dawn. Usually, this means a start soon after the pubs close for the night! There is also a five-person relay with shorter laps.

The main prizes are on the seven-person course, an open class in which any combination can run, and a handicap class. Mole Valley won the Handicap class in 1999. Competition rules on a British Orienteering web page.

Called the ¨Harvester¨ for the obvious reason that it was invented and first organised by the now defunct Combined Harvesters orienteering club. Now, can anyone explain that name? 

HAVOC (1)

Havering and South Essex Orienteering Club. Web site.

HAVOC (2)

Collective noun for a group of orienteers 30 seconds after the beginning of a mass start score event.

HH

Happy Herts orienteering club, based in Hertfordshire. Web site.

HOC

Harlequins Orienteering Club. A club based in the West Midlands conurbation. Web site.

Home Internationals

Annual contests between selected teams representing England, Wales, Scotland, & Northern Ireland.

INT

Interlopers. An Edinburgh club. Web site.

INVOC

Inverness Orienteering club. Britain's most northerly club. Web site.

IOF

International Orienteering Federation. The world governing body of our sport. Web site.

IOF descriptions

Another name for pictorial control descriptions.

Iron badge

The badge for which you qualify if you finish your age class course at three Regional (or more important) events. Details are on a British Orienteering web page.

Jamie Stevenson Trophy

Scottish equivalent of the Yvette Baker Trophy. Named after Scotland's 2003 World Sprint Champion.

JIRC

Junior Inter-Regional Championships. Not strictly the correct title, as it's open to all of BOF's constituent associations, National as well as Regional. For association teams of M/W14s, 16s and 18s. A 2-day competition with individual on first day and relays on the second, both races contributing points to overall title. Held at the end of June.

JK

Jan Kjellström festival of orienteering. The annual Easter event, equal in prestige with the British Championship, and held in a different region of the country each year. The individual competitions, for each age class, comprise separate races on Saturday and Sunday, with the aggregate time determining the result. There is then a relay competition Easter Monday.

The event is named for a Swede who was instrumental in introducing orienteering to this country, and died in a road accident in 1967. It is always referred to as the ¨the J K¨, possibly because no English person can pronounce Kjellström.

JM1, JM2, JM5L, etc

Boys classes at Regional age class events. Details on a British Orienteering document.

JOK

Jesus Orienteering Klubb. Closed club for alumni of Oxford University. Noted for their flying pig logo. Read the club history on their web site for an explanation of the name.

Journal

See Society Journal.

Junior

Someone who has yet to reach the year of his or her 21st birthday, i.e. age class M20, W20, or younger.

JWOC

Junior World Orienteering Championships. Held in late July, for teams of up to 6 men and 6 women under 21. An IOF web site has details.

JW1, JW2, JW5L, etc

Girls classes at Regional age class events. Details on a British Orienteering document.

Kanter

Not an orienteering term, but the name given by the LDWA to an event requiring navigation between checkpoints identified by grid references.

KERNO

The orienteering club for Cornwall. Web site.

KFO

Kingdom of Fife Orienteers. The club formerly known as West Fife Orienteers (WFO). Web site.

KIMM

Karrimor International Mountain Marathon. The first mountain marathon, no longer sponsored by Karrimor and now known as the OMM.

Kite

The red and white marker hanging at every control site (and at the centre of the Start triangle).

Klubb

The word for club in both Norwegian and Swedish. Some British orienteering clubs like to emphasise the sports Scandinavian origins by calling themselves klubbs.

Knoll

A very small hill.

Lakes 5-Days

English multi-day event, held in August every fourth year, avoiding the years with a Scottish or Welsh equivalent. Five Regional events on consecutive days in the Lake District. Web site.

Lap

The section of a relay course run by a single person. Thus a three-person relay has three laps.

LDWA

Long Distance Walkers Association. Not an orienteering organisation, but they do arrange events requiring navigation through the countryside, albeit non-competitive and along public rights of way. You have to provide your own Ordnance Survey map. Web site.

Leg

Correctly, the section of an orienteering course between two adjacent controls (or between the start and the first control). Confusingly, some people also call a lap a leg.

LEI

Leicestershire orienteering club. Web site.

Light Green course

A moderately technical colour-coded course. Longer and harder than Orange, shorter and easier than Green. The route should not be (entirely) along line features, but must require cross-country navigation. However, areas of complex contours should be avoided, and controls should have a collecting feature behind them.

Limited colour-coded

A smaller range colour-coded courses than would be expected at a normal District event. The area may be too small for long courses or too simple for technical courses, or the number of people running colour-coded courses may be too small to justify the effort of planning the full range. Most events offering limited colour-coded courses are Local events, but Regional and higher status events often offer them for beginners.

Line feature

Anything on the map which can be followed, such as a path, stream, or wall.

LINOC

Linlithgow Orienteering Club. A Scottish club.

LOC

Lakeland Orienteering Club. Web site.

Local member

A person who is a member of an orienteering club, but is not a member of BOF through that club. This may be because the person is not a member of BOF at all, or it may be because the person's prime loyalty is to a different orienteering  club.

 

From 2007, all orienteers will be expected to join BOF, and the present definition of ¨local¨ member as someone who belongs to a club but not to BOF should disappear. However, there will be two different rates of BOF membership, for ¨national¨ and ¨local¨ members. These new local members will not get all the advantages of BOF membership. In particular, they will not get the BOF members discounted entry fee for events outside their local region.

Local event

The lowest grade of domestic orienteering event, usually a limited colour-coded event. The next grade up is District event. Local events have some advantages: they tend to be cheap to enter, easy to put on, and not too crowded. Many orienteers go to more local events than any other sort.

LOG

Lincoln Orienteering Group. A club. Web site.

LOK

London Orienteering Klubb, based in London north of the Thames. Web site.

Long course

At events of Regional and higher standard, adult competitors usually have a choice of Long and Short age class courses. These should be of equal difficulty, and in theory are of equal merit. However, almost all of the top orienteers will run Long in preference to Short. (At National Events and above, there may also be an elite course for M21 and W21.)

Loop race

A loop race is a mass start event, producing head-to-head racing with the winner being the first to cross the finish line. Some requirement to navigate is preserved by the courses being gaffled, which means that, while each person eventually runs the same legs as every other, the sequence may be different.

There are two different ways to achieve this. One is to have effectively a one-person relay, with the competitors running two, three, or even more (depending on the competition rules) laps consecutively, using a map which shows only one lap. Each lap would share the same start and finish, which would be adjacent, and there would be a map exchange between laps.

The alternative is for the entire course to be printed on just one map. It is still necessary for the competitors to keep revisiting a single point at which the different loops start and finish, but this need no longer be the start and finish points for the entire race. A feature of this method is that the map gets a lot of overprint around the common control. If there are three loops, then the common control will be visited no less than four times, meaning that eight purple lines and four numbers have to be fitted around it. The competitor must take great care to leave the common control in the right direction each time; running a loop in the wrong sequence or in the wrong direction will result in disqualification.

Lycras

Body-hugging tights worn by many orienteers. The name comes from the material of which they are made.

MADO

Malvern And District Orienteers. A division of HOC. Web site.

Map bag

A tough transparent plastic bag that you can put your orienteering map in to protect it from weather, forest, and sweat.

Map corrections

Alterations required to an out of date map. Often, at an event using master maps, there will be some map corrections for you to copy down near Registration.

Map exchange

The process of swapping one map for another in competition time. The competitor would drop the map used to find the location and pick up a new one. Sometimes used when a long course on a small area would produce too many crossing lines if printed on one copy of the map.

Map memory

A course which you have to complete without taking a map with you. Instead, each control has a little section of map showing the leg to the next. You have to study this and leave it in place when you set out for the next control. Good training, since it forces you to decide on your route and identify the key features rather than just rush off.

MAROC

Mar Orienteering Club. A Scottish club. Web site.

Maroon course

The equivalent of a Red colour-coded course at a night event.

Mass Start

All competitors, or one competitor from each team, start simultaneously. Always used for relays, sometimes used for score events. Except in score events, one consequence of a mass start is that the first to cross the finish line is the winner (unless disqualified).

Master

Mole Valley's traditional name for the club chairman, currently Ian Ditchfield. (Club founder Toby Norris liked funny names.)

Masters

Another term for veterans.

Masters Cup

Annual series of races to encourage veteran competition at major events. Points based on the BOF rankings system are gained at the JK, British Championships, British Night Championships, and all National events, with the best five results counting for each competitor. Web site.

Master map

One of a small number of maps with courses drawn onto it by the planner. At an event with master maps, you get given a map with no course on it at Registration. Usually, the master maps will be located just after the Start, and your first task after your time starts is to copy down your course from the master map. Sometimes (normally for beginners courses), the master map will be before the Start, so you can copy the map at your leisure. Master maps are often used for local and District events.

MDDXO

Middlesex Orienteers.

MDOC

Manchester and District Orienteering Club. Web site.

MEROC

Merseyside Orienteering Club. Web site.

Michael Brandon Mitre

The name CHIG give to their biggest event each year.

Micro-O

A variation of orienteering which requires very precise navigation to select the correct control kite from a cluster. On a conventional course, there should be no other control kites within 30m of the one you are looking for. In micro-O, there will be. Furthermore, there will be no control codes for you to check. You must therefore use your skill with the map to ensure that you punch the correct control, which will be exactly in the centre of the circle on your map and fit with the feature described in your control descriptions.

If you punch the wrong control in a cluster at micro-O, you don't get disqualified. Instead you get some other sort of penalty, probably added time, but remain competitive. Further information may be found at this web page relating to what I believe was the first serious UK event to use micro-O (as part only of some courses only).

Middle distance

An event in conventional orienteering terrain with fairly frequent controls, so that the competitor has to do a lot of fine navigation into controls. As the name implies, the course will be of shorter than usual length, but not as short as a short or sprint distance.

Military League (South)

A series of midweek events, mostly organised by BAOC, popular with civilians who do not have to work all day every Wednesday. Details on the BAOC web site. Events are always open to everyone, although occasionally advance notice of attendance and proof of identity may be required for security reasons. They can be anywhere in southern Britain, but tend to concentrate near the army bases near Aldershot and Salisbury Plain.

Mini Mass Start

Relays always have a mass start for the first lap, with competitors running second or subsequent laps usually starting when the previous runner in their team finishes. Mini mass starts are a device for reducing the elapsed time taken by the slowest teams. Some time after all the runners for the teams in contention have started, the remaining runners on the same lap may be started together in a mini mass start, without waiting for their previous lap runners to finish.

Mispunch

A competitor whose visit to a particular control is not recorded on the control card (whether paper or electronic) is said to have ¨mispunched¨. This will normally be because the competitor has accidentally missed out the control or visited the wrong control without realising. More rarely, competitor may have failed to operate the punch correctly.

Molasses

The trophy presented to the fastest lady at the Mole Valley club championship, contested annually at a colour-coded event. Traditionally run over Blue course, but in recent years a Green course has been chosen to allow the more elderly or less fit to join in.
Also a frequently used name for a female Mole Valley relay team.

MOK

Marlborough Orienteering Klubb, defunct, having merged with SLOG in 2005 to form NWO.

MOR

Moravian Orienteers. A Scottish club. Web site.

Mountain Marathon

Long distance orienteering event in hills or mountains, usually two events in consecutive days with aggregate time counting. Frequently, competitors have to carry food and shelter for the overnight stop. Events listed on this adventure racing web site, amidst other non-orienteering events.

MTBO

Mountain Bike Orienteering. Orienteering on two wheels. An IOF web page has information, or see the Trail Cyclist Association web site.

Multi-day event

A series of separate orienteering events over a restricted time period, usually with some sort of combined scoring system to produce overall winners for each class. Possibly three events on consecutive days of a Bank Holiday, such as Springtime in Shropshire, or six events in seven days during a summer week, such as the Scottish 6-Days.

MV

Mole Valley. That's us! The standard abbreviation for Mole Valley Orienteering Club.

MVMCFRS or MVM&CFRS

Mole Valley Map & Compass Foot Racing Society. The formal name of Mole Valley Orienteering Club. The official explanation for this name is that when Mole Valley was formed, the term ¨orienteering¨ was not widely understood by the general public (so no change there then!), and a name was chosen to better describe the sport. The unofficial explanation is that our founder, Toby Norris, being a scientist, was keen to have the letters FRS (Fellow of the Royal Society) after his name.

MVOC

Miami Valley Orienteering Club. Nothing to do with Mole Valley, or even Miami in Florida, this club is based in Ohio, USA. Web site.

M10, M12, M21, M70, etc

Age classes for men.

M10A, M12A, M18A, etc

¨A¨ courses for boys.

M10B, M12B, M18B, etc

¨B¨ courses for boys.

M20E, M21E

¨Elite¨ courses for men.

M21L, M35L, M75L, etc

¨Long¨ courses for men.

M21S, M35S, M75S, etc

¨Short¨ courses for men.

National Association

Three of twelve groups which make up BOF are the National Associations for Wales, Scotland & Northern Ireland. Constitutionally, they have similar status to the English Regional Associations, although the Scottish Association is more independent and powerful than the others. Additionally, they are responsible for teams for the Home Internationals. Just to make matters really confusing, there is also an English national association which is not a member of BOF, and seems to have little function beyond selecting home international teams!

National event

The second of the five grades of domestic orienteering event, below Championship but above Regional. For seniors, the courses available at National events will be Long and Short age class courses, like those at Regional events, but slightly longer. Unlike Regional events, National events still offer ¨A¨ and ¨B¨ age class courses for juniors. There are about ten National Events each year scattered around the country. Most top orienteers will try to go to most of them.

NATO

Newcastle & Tyneside Orienteers. A club. Web site.

Navy course

The equivalent of a Blue colour-coded course at a night event.

NEOA

North-East Orienteering Association. The regional association for North-East England. Web site.

NGOC

North Gloucestershire Orienteering Club. Web site.

Niche

A small re-entrant. 

Night orienteering

Yes, this does mean what you think it does! Orienteering after dark with a torch. The best night orienteers are nearly as quick at night as during the day. It's good fun. I recommend trying it, but not until you are reasonably confident in daylight. ¨Night¨ is perhaps a misnomer, it means ¨after dark¨, but most events are on winter evenings, and finished by 9pm. There is a popular league of night events in the south-east which rejoices in the acronym SENILE!

NIOA

Northern Ireland Orienteering Association. The national association for those parts of Ireland which are officially British. Web site.

NN

Northern Navigators. A club based around Durham and Wearside. Web site.

NOC (1)

Nottinghamshire Orienteering Club. Web site.

NOC (2)

National Orienteering Centre. Web site.

Non-competitive

A person who runs a course, but whose result is ignored for the purpose of calculating placings, points, or scores. Normally someone who is deemed to have an unfair advantage, perhaps through familiarity with the competition area.

Nopesport

Orienteering web site with a useful discussion forum for debating ideas with other orienteers.

NOR

Norfolk Orienteering club. Web site.

Norwegian event

Another term for a map memory event.

November Classic

SOC's annual Regional, or sometimes National, Event in the New Forest on the first Sunday in November.

NOW

National Outdoor Week or National Outdoor Welcome. An annual campaign to get people into the open air. Defunct?

NWO

North Wilts Orienteers. Club formed in 2005 by merging MOK (Marlborough Orienteering Klubb) and SLOG (Swindon Locality Orienteering Group) Web site.

NWOA

North-West Orienteering Association. The regional association for North-West England. Web site.

OCAD

Computer program used by many clubs, including Mole Valley, for drawing maps. Can also be used for planning courses, but suffers from expensive and inflexible license conditions, so many prefer to use Condes or Purple Pen instead. Web site.

Ochre course

The equivalent of a Yellow colour-coded course at a night event.

O-Cross

Annual mass start event organised by SN at which competitors run two or three courses consecutively, picking up a new map for each. Very similar to a loop race, with gaffled courses, except that the requirement for every runner to have run exactly the same legs by the end of the race is ignored. Purists would argue that this means that the O-Cross is not a fair competition. Often included in the Southern Express series.

October Odyssey

Annual pair (Saturday & Sunday) of Regional events, organised by a different NEOA club each year. Occasionally one day may be a National event.

OD

Octavian Droobers orienteering club. Based in Warwickshire. And you thought Map & Compass Foot Racing Society a weird name for an orienteering club? You'll have to read the history on their web site for an explanation of this one.

ODR

Offa's Dyke Raiders orienteering club, defunct, having merged with ERYRI.

OK Nuts

One of the first English orienteering clubs, founded by Olympic athlete Gordon Pirie when living at Nutfield in what is now Mole Valley territory. The club became part of SLOW, who now run an annual ¨OK Nuts Trophy¨ in memory of the club and in particular their leading member, Mike Wells-Cole, who died in 1976 after training with flu.

Olive course

The equivalent of a Light Green colour-coded course at a night event.

OMM

Original Mountain Marathon. The first mountain marathon, originally sponsored by Karrimor. Web site.

OO Trophy

The name GO give to their biggest event each year, named for Occasional Orienteers, a defunct club that became part of GO.

Open club

A club which anybody can join, i.e. not a closed club. 

Orange course

A moderately short and not too difficult colour-coded course. Longer and harder than Yellow, shorter and easier than Light Green, much shorter but no easier than Red. The hardest course which a novice should contemplate at the first event, and then only if an experienced map reader. The route should be along line features such as paths, fences, or streams, but there may be a route choice. Controls may be on point features near to the line feature being followed, but there must a collecting feature behind them.

Organiser

One of the three main officials at an orienteering event, the others being the planner and controller. The organiser is in overall charge of everything that happens ¨outside the forest¨, i.e. is responsible for everything except the planners tasks. A wise organiser will delegate all the tasks and perform a coordinating role.

O-Ringen

Annual Swedish 5-Days event, on a different area each day. The biggest event in the world. Web site. The name is sometimes applied to British events which involve multiple runs on different areas.

OUOC

Oxford University Orienteering Club. (I can't be bothered to list all university orienteering clubs, which can usually be identified by the ¨UOC¨ suffix; this one is included because it occasionally organises public events which Moles may attend.) Web site.

Out of Bounds

Somewhere you are not allowed to go! Usually a part of the mapped area for which permission for orienteering has not been obtained.

Overprinting

The usual term for the process of creating pre-marked maps. This traditionally involves a second printing process, adding the course to a map on which the terrain details have already been printed.

Pace counting

A technique for estimating distance travelled by counting strides taken.

Par

At at event with colour-coded courses, each course has a ¨par¨ time or position. To achieve par, you must either finish in the top half of the results in terms of placing, or you must finish within 150% of the winners time, whichever turns out to be easier. If you beat par on the same colour course at three SEOA colour-coded events, you can claim a colour badge from the SEOA. (This is not the same as the badge you can get from BOF for doing well at Regional events!)

Park orienteering

Short course orienteering in a venue that could be described as a park, normally an area of mown grass and flower beds in a town.

Permanent orienteering course

A course in a public place with control markers permanently in place. The markers will probably be wooden posts rather than kites, and there will be no punches. Permanent courses can be used at any time; you don't need to wait for an event. A British Orienteering web page has further details.

Peter Burt Trophy

A trophy presented annually to the most improved orienteer in the South-East League, in memory of Mole Valley member Peter Burt, who died in May 1999 after a long battle with cancer. It rewards personal achievement on the basis of a fiendishly complicated scoring system in the tradition of Peter's long stewardship of the League.

Peter Palmer Relays

A junior version of the Harvester, open to over-10s and under-19s (i.e. M/W12's to M/W18's inclusive), and named for the ¨father of British orienteering¨ who died in 2003. The main race is an 8-person relay starting before dawn, with the first 3-4 legs in the dark. Laps are of varying distances and standards ranging from Yellow to Blue, with at least 2 boys and 2 girls in each team required. A handicap trophy is also available, and there is a 5-person race open to small clubs. The event is normally staged in September in the Midlands. Competition rules in a British Orienteering document.

PFO

Pendle Forest Orienteering club, based in central Lancashire. Web site.

Pictorial Control Descriptions

Symbolic control descriptions, defined by the IOF, which have the advantage that they are the same everywhere. You will be grateful if you ever orienteer in a foreign country! Normally used for most courses at major events in this country, so you will still need to learn them eventually even if you have no plans to venture overseas. The official definitions can be downloaded. When you think you known them, have fun testing yourself with this game.

Planner

One of the three main officials at an orienteering event, the others being the organiser and controller. The planner is responsible for setting the courses, providing the overprinted maps or master maps and the control descriptions, and for getting the controls into the forest and in the right places.

Platform

A small level patch of ground, typically circular and about 3m in diameter. Often caused by charcoal burning.

Point feature

Anything on the map which is not a line feature, such as a knoll, depression, or boulder.

POTOC

Potteries Orienteering Club. Based in North Staffordshire. Web site.

POW

Mid Wales Orienteers. A club. Web site.

Pre-marked map

At an event with pre-marked maps, you do not get a map at registration. Instead, you pick up a map complete with your course just after the Start. This means that the organisers have to provide a map with a course on for each competitor, which is more trouble and expense than just providing a few Master maps. Pre-marked maps are usually used at Regional events.

Protractor compass

The traditional form of compass.

Prologue

Term sometimes applied to a short first event in a series of two of more. Possibly the first of the two races in a chasing sprint.

Punch

A device for marking your control card when you reach a control site. At events using traditional paper control cards, a needle punch (illustrated) will make a distinctive pattern of holes in the card. With electronic equipment such as Emit or SportIdent, the term ¨punching¨ is still used to describe the action required to record your visit to the control.

Punching start

At an event with electronic punching, the actual time you start your course may be recorded by ¨punching¨ at the start. This is easier and less stressful than the traditional timed start for both competitor and organisers, as it is not essential to start at a particular second.

Purple Pen

New (in late 2007) computer program for planning courses, producing control descriptions and files for printing courses. Web site.

QO

Quantock Orienteers. A Somerset club. Web site.

RAFO

Royal Air Force Orienteers. Web site.

Ranking List

A table which attempts to sequence orienteers in order of merit by awarding points for performances over a number of events. The best known is the BOF Rankings.

Ranking Points

Scores for the Ranking List, see previous entry.

Red course

A course of the same standard as Orange, but much longer. Aimed at near beginners who want a longer course. Particularly popular during the London Marathon training season.

Re-entrant

A re-entrant is a contour feature. It is an indentation into the hillside or a valley, frequently sloping. The opposite of a spur.
The difference between a re-entrant and a depression is that water can flow downhill out of a re-entrant, while a depression will turn into a pond if it rains enough.

Regional Association

Nine of twelve groups which make up BOF are the English Regional Associations. Their main function is to co-ordinate local fixtures and regional competitions. The local regional association for Mole Valley is the SEOA.

Regional event

The middle of the five grades of domestic orienteering event, below National and above District. The vast majority of Regional events are of the type formerly known as ¨Badge¨ events. The course you run at these events depends on your age class. Seniors will have a choice of Long and Short courses. Juniors courses are no longer so obviously age based, having been replaced by courses like JM1 and JW1. Your performance at these events can still qualify you for the ornamental scrap of fabric that was responsible for the old name. British Orienteering web pages have more details about event types and the badge scheme. Regional events normally have pre-marked maps.

Note however that ¨Regional¨ is a designation of event status and not the type of courses offered. A CompassSport Cup heat is likely to be a Regional event, but will offer a different pattern of courses. 

Registration

The area (normally a couple of parked cars) where entry fees are collected, and control cards, control descriptions, and (if master maps are being used) maps are given out.

If the event is using electronic punching, then it will be at registration that your details are loaded on to the event computer. The most important rule in electronic orienteering is that once registered, you must visit the download before leaving the event, even if for some reason you decide not to go round your course after all.

There will be event officials at Registration to help you; if you don't know what to do, ask! 

Relay event

A team event, usually for three people. Each person runs a separate course, or lap. Relays always have a mass start for the first lap. Each subsequent runners starts when the previous team member finishes.

Each team will collectively run the same distance, and eventually visit the same controls. However, the courses for each team will be varied, or gaffled, so that different teams visit the controls in different sequences, thus preserving some requirement to navigate rather than follow the person in front.

Relay entries are usually made by one person on behalf of the whole club; in Mole Valley this would be the club captain.

Relocation

Perhaps the most important skill in orienteering, relocation means finding out where you are after having got lost.

Relocating Feature

A distinct feature that may be used by competitors to identify their position both on the ground and the map.

Ride

A linear gap in trees, usually for forestry management purposes.

RMOC

Royal Marines Orienteering Club.

RR

Roxburgh Reivers. A Scottish club. Web site.

Route choice

The option of taking more than one (sensible) route between two controls. This may, for example, be a direct cross-country route versus a longer path route, or going straight over the top of a hill versus contouring round it.

Run

A technical term meaning to go around a course. No particular gait is implied; you can walk for the whole of your run!

Run Up

At events where there are different courses for different age classes, it is usually permissible to ¨run up¨ on the course for a class which is closer to M21. Thus juniors can run up in a class for older juniors or M21's, veterans can run up in a class for younger seniors; and ladies can run up in mens classes.

R1, R2, R3, R4, R5

Official BOF event type and status grading. The ¨R¨ stands for Relay. The number following is the importance of the event on a scale of 1 (high) to 5 (low), as explained in the entry for cross-country events. A suffix of ¨N¨ indicates a night event, e.g. R2N for the Harvester.

SARUM

A South Wiltshire club. Web site.

Sarum Saunter

The name SARUM give to their biggest event each year.

Saturday Series

Any group of events on Saturdays, but in particular a regular program of limited colour-coded events run by Saxons and DFOK as a league. Members of other clubs are welcome, but need to join SAX or DFOK as local members to score points in the league.

SAX

Saxons orienteering club, based in Kent. Mole Valley's neighbours to the east. Web site.

Saxons Shield

The name SAX give to their biggest event each year.

SBOC

Swansea Bay Orienteering Club. Web site.

Scale

The ratio between distance on the map and distance on the ground. A scale of 1:10,000 means that 1cm (about the length of the nail on your little finger) on your map shows 100m on the ground (around the length of a football pitch). The scale should be printed in the ¨white space¨ around the edge of the map, probably next to the contour interval.

SCOA

South-Central Orienteering Association. The regional association for Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Hampshire, and Oxfordshire. Web site.

Score event

An event in which the competitor does not have to visit all the controls! There is a time limit, instead of a set course. Points are scored for visiting controls, and deducted for finishing over the time limit. The competitor has to decide which controls to visit, in which sequence. A watch is a vital item of equipment for a score event!

Scottish Orienteering Tours

See SOT 

Scottish 6-Days

Immensely popular biannual multi-day event held in August in odd-numbered years, comprising six Regional events in seven days, on different areas. Held in a different part of Scotland each time. Web site.

SEF

Standard Entry Form. Most events which require entry in advance will accept a Standard Entry Form in the post. Must be accompanied by a cheque! Used to need to be accompanied by one or two stamped addressed envelopes for final details and results to be posted to you. Some events no longer require this if you are prepared to look on the Internet for information. A blank Standard Entry Form may be downloaded from the British Orieneering web site.

SEJS

South-East Junior Squad. A group of young orienteers selected by the SEOA for coaching and representative competition. Web site.

SELOC

South-East Lancashire Orienteering Club. Web site.

SENAV

South-East News And Views. The bimonthly magazine of the SEOA, printed and posted to members. Now defunct?

SENiLe

South-East NIght LEague. An annual series of low-key night orienteering events held over the autumn/winter/spring season, usually on Saturday evenings. Web site.

SEOA

South-East Orienteering Association. Our local regional association. A definitive list of member clubs is hard to come by, but my attempt follows (including some which are ¨shared¨ with other regions). The open member clubs may be Mole Valley, CHIG, DFOK, GO, HAVOC, HH, LOK, MDDXO, SAX, SLOW, SN & SO, and the closed clubs may be BAOC, RAFO & ULOC. Web site.

SHORC

Sarn Helen Orienteering & Running Club. A Welsh club. Web site.

Short course

At events of Regional and higher standard, adult competitors usually have a choice of Long and Short age class courses. These should be of equal difficulty, and in theory are of equal merit. However, almost all of the top orienteers will run Long in preference to Short. (At National Events and above, there may also be an elite course for M21 and W21.)

Short races are normally only taken seriously when they do not clash with a longer course at the same event. This is often the case in international competitions, when classic and short races on different days are equally prestigious.

SI

SportIdent

Silva

Manufacturers of orienteering equipment. Web site.

Silver standard

The standard which you need to achieve three times on age class courses at Regional (or more important) events in order to qualify for a Silver badge. Details are on a British Orienteering web page.

Ski-O

Ski Orienteering. Orienteering on skis. Requires more snow than normally available in the South-East. An IOF web page has information.

SLOG

Swindon Locality Orienteering Group, defunct, having merged with MOK in 2005 to form NWO.

SLOW

South London Orienteers and Wayfarers. A club, Mole Valley's neighbours to the north-east, based in Wimbledon. Infamous for painting their name in roads all over the country. Web site.

SMOC

South Midlands Orienteering Club. Web site.

SN

Southern Navigators orienteering club. Mole Valley's neighbours to the north-west. Cover the far NW of Surrey, NE Hampshire, & S Berkshire. The south's first orienteering club, formed by Chris Brasher and John Disley in 1965. Web site.

Snail Trail Trophy

The name HAVOC give to their biggest event each year.

SO

Southdowns Orienteers. A club, Mole Valley's neighbours to the south. Web site.

Southdowns Trophy

The name SO give to their biggest event each year.

SOA

Scottish Orienteering Association. The national association for the far north. More powerful than it's eleven ¨equals¨ making up BOF; more like a mini-BOF in it's own right. Web site.

SOC

Southampton Orienteering Club. Web site.

Society Journal

The Mole Valley club newsletter, posted to members approximate quarterly.

SOFA

Shedfield Orienteering and Footslogging Association. A club, based in south-east Hampshire. Web site.

SOGaloppen

A Galoppen run by SO! A series of limited colour-coded Saturday morning events run as a league for Southdowns members. Members of other clubs who attend regularly are expected to join Southdowns as local members.

SOLWAY

Solway Orienteers. A club from south-west Scotland. Web site.

SOS

Essex Stragglers Orienteering Society. Believed to be the only club besides Mole Valley to call itself a Society. Web site.

SOT

Scottish Orienteering Tours. Britain's only specialist orienteering holiday company. Web site.

South-East Galoppen

The South-East Galoppen is an individual galoppen competition for members of clubs affiliated to the SEOA. Like the South-East League, it takes place at every SE Regional event. Unlike the League, it runs over each calendar year.

There is a separate competition for each course; that is, not just is each age class scored separately, but also Long and Short or A and B courses have their own ranking lists. The first member of a SEOA club on each course at each event gets 100 points, the second 99 points, and so on. The points accumulated at the various events over the year are added to give the individuals total. It is not necessary to run absolutely every event, since the number of events which count is slightly smaller than the total. For example, if there are six SE Regional events during the year, the Galoppen will take the best five scores. 

South-East League

The South-East League is an annual competition between the member clubs of the SEOA. Like the South-East Galoppen, it takes place at every SE event of Regional or higher status. Unlike the galoppen, it runs over each autumn/winter/spring season.

Individual orienteers score points for their runs. At each event, the points scored by the members of each club are aggregated to give club scores. The clubs are then ranked in order of their scores. Finally, South-East League points are allocated to the clubs based on the club order from the event. At the end of the season, the club with most points is the winner.

Anyone completing any course at any South-East League event scores at least one point. Runs on the string course, colour-coded courses, and slow completions of age class courses score one point. Faster runs on age class courses score points according to how fast the individual has done against a target speed.

An SEOA web page has further details. Fortunately you do not need to memorise the scoring formulae before running at a League event! 

South-East Team Score

An annual score event at which individual members' points are used to score an inter-club competition. Each club gets the aggregate points of its top twelve individual scorers from different age classes. The ¨different classes¨ requirement stops the competition being dominated by the younger adult males, and for most clubs means that almost all their younger, older, or female members have a significant chance of contributing to the club score.

The rules provide for ¨automatic running-up¨, which basically means that club captains don't have to worry about picking team or asking people to enter running-up an age class. Instead, the organiser will use the event results to select the twelve people, with running-up, who give each club the best score.

For example, if a club has two M40 runners who are both expected to outscore all their M35's, without automatic running-up, the club captain would have to ask one of the M40's to enter as M35. With automatic running-up, he doesn't have to worry, and if both M40's do beat the M35's, then it will be the two M40 scores that count. 

South-East Veterans Trophy

An annual competition open to members of SEOA-affiliated clubs, held at a Mole Valley District event, usually in the autumn. Unusually, ¨veteran¨ for this competition means age classes M40 or W40 and older. The gentlemens' competition is held on the Blue course, the ladies' on the Green. In recent years, a  ¨family¨ competition for related entrants has been held at the same event..

Southern Express

Series of short races held at monthly intervals in the spring in the South-East. 2005 web site. History on 2003/2004 web site.

Spanish score event

A score event at which the competitors do have to visit all the controls! The person with the fastest time wins. The difference between this and a normal cross-country orienteering event is that the controls may be visited in any order.

Split Starts

At events where start times are allocated in advance, parents may request ¨split¨ early and late starts, hopefully meaning that one of them is always available to look after the children.

Split Times

A results display showing the times taken over each individual leg.

SportIdent

One of two competing forms of electronic punching equipment, replacing the traditional paper control card and needle punch. With SportIdent, you carry a ¨dibber¨ (illustrated) strapped to your index finger, which you poke into a hole in a metal box at the control site. The box then bleeps and flashes to acknowledge your presence. SportIdent is more popular than the rival Emit system in Britain. Web site.

Springtime in Shropshire

Biannual event held over the late May Bank Holiday weekend in odd-numbered years, usually comprising three Regional events on different areas in Shropshire. Web site.

Sprint orienteering

Ultra-short distance orienteering, likely to be planned for a winning time of 12 minutes.

SROC

South Ribble Orienteering Club, based in North Lancashire. England's first orienteering club, founded 1964. Web site.

STAG

St Andrew's Glasgow Orienteering Club. A Scottish club. Web site.

Start

The beginning of your orienteering course, the point at which your time starts. There will be event officials at the Start to help you; if you don't know what to do, ask!

Start Triangle

The point where the course marked on your map starts, marked on the ground by a control kite with no punches. Normally, this will be very close to the real start of your course, but occasionally you will have to follow a taped route. Often you need to find a map between the Start and the Start Triangle, either a Master Map which you need to copy your course from, or a pre-marked map which you must take with you.

Street Orienteering

An event on public roads and footpaths, rather than in the countryside. May be anything from a World Championship short course to low-key club training. In the latter case, probably score event, with no kites or punches, competitors taking a pen or pencil and writing down answers to simple questions at each control.

String course

An orienteering course for children too young to read a map reliably. Although a map will be provided, a string or thin rope is laid out along the ground as a guide. The start of the string course will normally be in a different place to the starts of other courses, so make sure you follow the right signs.

Stub

A tear-off strip on a paper control card. Frequently used as a safety check to ensure that all orienteers have returned from the forest. The stub is collected from the competitor at the start, and then matched with the control card after that has been handed in at the finish. If any unmatched stubs are left at the end of the event, this should mean that an injured orienteer is lying out in the forest. (Alternatively, it may mean that some naughty person has gone home without reporting to the finish.)

SUFFOC

Suffolk Orienteering Club. Web site.

SWOA

South-Western Orienteering Association. The regional association for South-West England. Web site.

SWOC

South Wales Orienteering Club. Web site.

SYO

South Yorkshire Orienteers. A club. Web site.

S1, S2, S3, S4, S5

Official BOF event type and status grading. The ¨S¨ stands for Score. The number following is the importance of the event on a scale of 1 (high) to 5 (low), as explained in the entry for cross-country events.

Tamar Triple

Biannual event held over the late May Bank Holiday weekend in even-numbered years, usually comprising three Regional events on different areas in the far south-west. Organised by the KERNO and DEVON clubs. Web site.

Taped route

A route for you to follow, marked with lengths of plastic tape. There may be a continuous length of tape, or there may merely be fragments hung intermittently from bushes. Taped routes are likely to lead you from the car park to the Start and from the Finish bac